appointments
英 /əˈpɔɪntmənts/美 /əˈpɔɪntmənts/
n. 名词
任命;约会;设备;职位
词义说明
appointments 是 appointment 的复数形式,核心含义包括:1)任命、委派,指某人对职位或职务的正式指定,如“the appointment of a new director”;2)约会、预约,指事先安排好的会面,如“make an appointment with the doctor”;3)设备、家具(常用复数),指房间或建筑内的陈设,如“the appointments of the hotel room”;4)职位、职务(正式),指被任命的职位,如“hold an appointment at the university”。引申关系:本义为“指定、安排”,由此引申出“任命”和“约会”,再引申为“被指定的职位”以及“配置的设施”等义。
词源解析
appointment 源于古法语 apointement,由动词 apointer(意为“整理、安排”)演变而来,其词根为 a-(朝向)+ point(点、指向),字面意思为“指向某处”,引申为“确定、约定”。后缀 -ment 表示行为的结果或状态。因此,appointment 本义为“指定、约定”,后引申出“任命”“约会”等义。记忆时可将 appoint(指定)+ -ment(名词后缀)联想为“被指定的结果”。
使用场景
appointments 在不同场合有不同用法。在商务邮件中,常指会议或约见,如“schedule appointments”;在学术或正式写作中,可指职位或任命,如“faculty appointments”;在新闻报道中,常涉及政治任命,如“cabinet appointments”;在法律文本中,指法定任命或指定,如“letters of appointment”;在日常口语中,常指医生、理发等预约,如“I have a dentist appointment”;在文学作品或历史描述中,可指房间的家具陈设,如“the appointments of the palace”。各场景下语气均为中性,正式程度略有差异。
语法要点
appointments 作为可数名词复数,常与 make, have, keep, cancel, reschedule 等动词搭配。常见句型:make an appointment with sb.(与某人预约);appointment to sth.(任命为某职位);appointment as sth.(任命为某角色)。易错点:① 当表示“预约”时,常与介词 with 连用,如“an appointment with the doctor”;② 表示“任命”时,常与 to 或 as 连用,如“appointment to the board”;③ 注意区分单复数,泛指预约或任命时常用复数,如“I have several appointments today”。
近义辨析
appointments 与 meeting, date, engagement 等词相近,但存在差别:meeting 泛指任何形式的会面,不强调正式约定;date 多指社交或浪漫约会;engagement 更正式,常指商务或社交约定;appointment 则强调经过安排的、正式的会面,尤指与专业人士(如医生、律师)的预约。在“任命”义上,appointment 与 designation, nomination 相近:designation 更强调指定,nomination 指提名,而 appointment 指正式任命。选择时,根据语境和正式程度取舍。
注意事项
appointments 为中性词,无褒贬色彩。语域上,在正式场合(如商务、法律)使用较多,日常口语中也很常见。常见误用:① 将 appointment 与 date 混用,在商务场合用 date 可能显得随意;② 将 appointments 当作不可数名词,但实际是可数名词;③ 在表示“任命”时,误用介词 of,如“appointment of the manager”虽可,但更常见的是“appointment as manager”;④ 注意拼写,勿与 appointment 混淆。
高频搭配
- make an appointment
- 预约
- keep an appointment
- 守约
- cancel an appointment
- 取消预约
- reschedule an appointment
- 改期
- appointment to a post
- 任命到某职位
- appointment as manager
- 任命为经理
- appointment book
- 预约簿
- appointment secretary
- 负责预约的秘书
句子示例
| She has several appointments at the hospital today. | 她今天在医院有几个预约。 |
| The board approved the appointments of three new directors. | 董事会批准了三位新董事的任命。 |
| Please cancel my appointment with the dentist; I'm feeling better. | 请取消我和牙医的预约,我感觉好多了。 |
| The presidential appointments require Senate confirmation. | 总统任命需要参议院确认。 |
| The hotel room was elegant, with luxurious appointments. | 酒店房间典雅,陈设豪华。 |
| He holds an appointment as professor of linguistics. | 他担任语言学教授一职。 |