at your expense
英 /æt jɔːr ɪkˈspɛns/美 /æt jʊr ɪkˈspɛns/
prep. phrase
由你付费;以你为代价;针对你
词义说明
本义为“由某人支付费用”,如“The dinner was at his expense.”。引申义有二:一是“以某人为代价”,即获得好处的同时使对方受损,如“They had a good laugh at my expense.”;二是“针对某人(开玩笑)”,即取笑的对象是某人,但未必造成实际损害。这三个义项均围绕“由某人承担”的核心概念,从财务负担扩展到抽象的责任或损失。
词源解析
“expense”源自拉丁语“expensa”,意为“支出”,后经古法语进入英语。介词“at”在此表示“以...方式”或“在...方面”,整体结构“at one's expense”可直译为“在某人支出上”,由此引申为“由某人承担”。记忆时可联想“账单落在某人头上”,既指金钱也指责任。
使用场景
常用于日常口语和商务语境。日常口语中,多用于开玩笑或抱怨,如“He told a joke at my expense.”(他拿我开玩笑)。商务邮件中,用于说明费用承担方,如“The travel costs will be at the company's expense.”(差旅费由公司承担)。新闻报道中,出现于涉及利益冲突或代价的表述,如“The policy was implemented at the expense of the poor.”。文学作品中也常见,用于刻画人物关系中的牺牲或利用。
语法要点
固定介词短语,后接名词或代词所有格,如“at his expense”、“at the company's expense”。在句中作状语,可置于句首或句末。注意区分“at the expense of”后接抽象名词,意为“以牺牲...为代价”,如“He achieved success at the expense of his health.”。易错点:不能省略介词“at”,也不可写作“on one's expense”。
近义辨析
与“at one's cost”近义,但“cost”更强调金钱或具体代价,而“expense”可指抽象代价。“at one's charge”较少用,且更正式。“at the price of”则强调以某种价值交换,常含牺牲意味。当表示“由某人付钱”时,可用“on someone”或“someone pays”,但“at your expense”更正式。
注意事项
语域中性,正式与非正式场合均可用。在“have a laugh at someone's expense”中,可能带有轻微贬义,指嘲笑他人,使用时注意语气。常见误用:有人将其与“at the cost of”混淆,后者更强调损失。另外,不要将“expense”误拼为“expence”。
高频搭配
- at one's own expense
- 自费
- at the expense of
- 以...为代价
- have a laugh at someone's expense
- 取笑某人
- at the company's expense
- 由公司承担
- at the taxpayer's expense
- 由纳税人承担
- joke at someone's expense
- 开某人的玩笑
- profit at someone's expense
- 损人利己
句子示例
| The company paid for his flight at their expense. | 公司出资为他支付了机票。 |
| He made a joke at my expense during the meeting. | 他在会议期间开了一个针对我的玩笑。 |
| She pursued her career at the expense of her family life. | 她以牺牲家庭生活为代价追求事业。 |
| We had a good laugh at his expense, but he didn't mind. | 我们拿他开怀大笑,但他并不介意。 |
| The new policy benefits the rich at the expense of the poor. | 新政策以穷人的利益为代价惠及富人。 |
| The dinner was at your expense, so please order what you like. | 晚餐由你付账,所以请随意点。 |