lose one's senses
英 /ləʊz wʌnz ˈsɛnsɪz/美 /loʊz wʌnz ˈsɛnsɪz/
phrase
失去理智;昏倒;失去知觉
词义说明
该短语主要有两个核心义项。本义是“失去知觉”,指因疾病、受伤或惊吓而昏倒,如“He lost his senses after the accident.”(事故后他失去了知觉)。引申义为“失去理智”,指行为失常、疯狂或极度愤怒,如“She must have lost her senses to quit her job without any plan.”(她一定是失去了理智,才会毫无计划地辞职)。两个义项都源于“senses”指感官和理智,失去它们即丧失对自身的控制。
词源解析
“lose”源自古英语“losian”,意为“丢失、毁灭”;“senses”源自古法语“sens”,最终来自拉丁语“sensus”,意为“感觉、知觉、意义”。短语“lose one's senses”直译为“丢失一个人的感觉”,从字面看即失去感官功能,引申为失去理智。记忆时可联想:感官是理智的基础,失去感官即失去理智。
使用场景
该短语在文学作品和日常口语中常见,语气较正式或略带文学色彩。在日常口语中,常用来夸张地形容某人行为愚蠢或疯狂,如“Are you out of your senses?”(你疯了吗?)。在文学作品中,可能用于描述角色昏厥或精神崩溃,如“She lost her senses at the sight of the blood.”(看到血她昏了过去)。在新闻报道中较少使用,除非描述突发事件。法律文本中几乎不用。
语法要点
该短语为动词短语,其中“lose”是及物动词,必须接宾语“one's senses”,且“one's”随主语变化。常见句型:主语 + lose + 所有格 + senses。例如“I lost my senses.”(我失去了理智)。注意:该短语不可用于被动语态,且“senses”通常用复数形式,单数“sense”指“意义”或“感觉”,意义不同。
近义辨析
与“lose one's mind”相比,“lose one's senses”更侧重于失去知觉或理性,而“lose one's mind”更强调精神失常或疯狂。与“faint”相比,“faint”是动词,指昏倒,而“lose one's senses”可指昏倒或失去理智,范围更广。与“go crazy”相比,后者口语化,更强烈地表示发疯。在正式或文学语境中,用“lose one's senses”更贴切。
注意事项
该短语语域中等偏正式,略带文学色彩,日常口语中也可使用,但可能显得夸张。褒贬色彩中性偏贬,通常指负面状态。常见误用:将“senses”误用为单数“sense”;或将“lose”误用为“loose”(松散)。注意区分“lose one's senses”(失去理智)和“lose sense”(失去意义)。
高频搭配
- lose one's senses completely
- 完全失去理智
- nearly lose one's senses
- 差点失去理智/知觉
- temporarily lose one's senses
- 暂时失去知觉
- lose one's senses from fright
- 因惊吓而失去知觉
- lose one's senses with anger
- 气得失去理智
- seem to lose one's senses
- 似乎失去理智
句子示例
| After the intense heat, he lost his senses and collapsed on the ground. | 在酷热之后,他失去了知觉,倒在地上。 |
| She must have lost her senses to invest all her savings in that risky scheme. | 她一定是失去了理智,才把全部积蓄投资于那个高风险计划。 |
| When he heard the shocking news, he nearly lost his senses. | 听到那个令人震惊的消息时,他几乎失去理智。 |
| The patient lost his senses for a few minutes during the operation. | 手术期间,病人昏迷了几分钟。 |
| Don't lose your senses over such a trivial matter. | 别为这种小事失去理智。 |
| He lost his senses and started shouting at the waiter. | 他失去理智,开始对服务员大喊大叫。 |